Spots:中央街


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                     '''[[中央街照片導覽]]'''                      '''[[中央街照片導覽]]'''
-*'''景點:'''中央街-澎湖第一街+*'''景點:'''中央街-澎湖第一街[[Image:中央街-11.jpg|thumb|320px|right|中央街]]
*'''搭配路線:'''馬公市區古蹟步行之旅(約一個半小時): *'''搭配路線:'''馬公市區古蹟步行之旅(約一個半小時):
**中央街──[[四眼井]]──[[乾益堂藥膳蛋]]──[[施公祠]]──[[萬軍井]]──澎湖天后宮──[[馬公老郵局]]──[[馬公稅關派出所]]──[[順承門]] **中央街──[[四眼井]]──[[乾益堂藥膳蛋]]──[[施公祠]]──[[萬軍井]]──澎湖天后宮──[[馬公老郵局]]──[[馬公稅關派出所]]──[[順承門]]

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                     中央街照片導覽

  俗稱「街內」的媽宮(馬公)中央街,不但是馬公發展成市鎮的濫觴,也是台灣地區現存最早的漢人聚落。可惜的是,它的開發過程並沒有明確的歷史記載,只能根據一些零星的文獻,再參酌人類生存的經驗法則來推測。

  現在馬公市的西南隅,俗稱南甲。原來是個西、北、東三面都有丘埠圍繞,南鄰沙灘的濱海窪地,中央街就位號在這個窪地的東側。可能遠在宋、元時代,就有少數的閩南居民,來窪地西側(今復興里,俗稱「海頭」),和現在的中央街北端(俗稱「頂街」)結廬漁墾。後者的腹地較寬,在聚集了相當的人口之後,就共同在窪地的頂端挖了一口大井(俗稱「四眼井」)。

  大約在明代中葉以後,位於四眼井西側的一座原先只是漁民、船戶暫時寄供船頭媽祖的小廟(即現今的天后宮),逐漸擴建成左近一代居民的信仰中心,此後,無論是明朝和荷蘭的幾次齟齬折衝,或是清代中法、中日之役的兩次兵燹,就都直接或間的以天后宮為主要舞台了。

  清康熙廿二年(一六八三),施琅攻取澎湖,平定台灣後,媽宮更成了戍台班兵點檢寄渡的兵站。由於軍隊的消費性需求增加,天后宮附近才逐漸出現店戶,和原在天后宮前的「魚市」形成了媽宮的「街市」。雍、乾之際,媽宮街的一些殷實商賈,因「整」船經理台、廈之間的貿易,並經售澎湖無法生產的民生商品,而組成了「台廈郊」(其成員通稱為「街內」郊戶)。由於有這些郊舖和販賣本地生菜、魚肉等土產的一些「街外」舖面,中央街一帶的所謂「七街一市」,才出現了舖舍雲集,煙火千家的景況。

  清光緒十一年(一八八五)法軍攻澎之役,女宮街先後遭到廣勇、台勇(清朝的戍兵)及法軍的掠奪,損失相當慘重。但是,由於擁有馬公港的交通利,到日據時代,中央街又在日本人的規劃下創造了空前的繁榮。當時被畫為「宮內町」和「南町一區」的中央街,不但是馬公的商業中心,更因為新設了許多日式的玩樂場所,而出現了包含日本文化的特殊街屋風貌。一直到台灣光復以後(大約在民國五十年左右),馬公的市中心才逐漸的北移,從民路而文康市場,再從早期的真善美戲院,而到現在的北辰市場。

  民國六十年代,縣政府為了挽救中央街逐漸老舊凋敝的頹勢,雖然開闢了惠民和惠安等兩條新的計畫道路,卻不但無法重建中央街的商業活力,反而破壞了中央街的原有格局。七十三年,中央街經內政部指定為歷史街區保存區之後,由於政府缺乏積極的作為,又限制屋舍的改建,更導致了屋舍傾倒和空屋率的上升。八十四年時期,中央街及一巷僅剩四十六戶人家,其中僅有的十三家店戶也只能靠一些棉被店、布行、裁縫店、化粧品行及餅舖等民生性質的生意,繼續守著媽宮「街內」的黃昏。

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